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This article describes the history of the Australian colony and state of Victoria. Until 1851 the area was part of New South Wales, then from 1851 until 1901 it was the Colony of Victoria, with its own government within the British Empire. In 1901 it became a state of the new Commonwealth of Australia. ==Aboriginal history== The state of Victoria was originally home to many indigenous nations that had occupied the land for tens of thousands of years.〔Richard Broome, pp xviii-xxii, ''Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800'', Allen & Unwin, 2005, ISBN 1-74114-569-4, ISBN 978-1-74114-569-4〕 According to Gary Presland Aborigines have lived in Victoria for about 40,000 years,〔Gary Presland, ''The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region'', (revised edition), Harriland Press, 1997. ISBN 0-646-33150-7. Presland says on page 1: "There is some evidence to show that people were living in the Maribyrnong River valley, near present day Keilor, about 40,000 years ago."〕 living a semi-nomadic existence of fishing, hunting and gathering, and farming eels.〔Gary Presland, ''Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People'', Harriland Press (1985), Second edition 1994, ISBN 0-9577004-2-3. This book describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding aboriginal life, culture, food gathering and land management〕 At the Keilor Archaeological Site a human hearth excavated in 1971 was radiocarbon-dated to about 31,000 years BP, making Keilor one of the earliest sites of human habitation in Australia.〔gary rams butt Presland, ''(Keilor Archaeological Site )'', eMelbourne website. Accessed 3 November 2008〕 A cranium found at the site has been dated at between 12,000〔Peter Brown, ''(The Keilor Cranium )'', Peter Brown's Australian and Asian Palaeoanthropology, Accessed 3 November 2008〕 and 14,700 years BP.〔 Archaeological sites in Tasmania and on the Bass Strait Islands have been dated to between 20,000 – 35,000 years ago, when sea levels were 130 metres below present level allowing Aborigines to move across the region of southern Victoria and on to the land bridge of the Bassian plain to Tasmania by at least 35,000 years ago.〔Hanna Steyne, ''(Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria )'' Heritage Victoria, Accessed 3 November 2008〕〔David Rhodes, Terra Culture Heritage Consultants, ''(Channel Deepening Existing Conditions Final Report – Aboriginal Heritage )'', Prepared for Parsons Brinckerhoff & Port of Melbourne Corporation, August 2003. Accessed 3 November 2008〕 During the Ice Age about 20,000 years BP, the area now the bay of Port Phillip would have been dry land, and the Yarra and Werribee river would have joined to flow through the heads then south and south west through the Bassian plain before meeting the ocean to the west. Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands became separated from mainland Australia around 12,000 BP, when the sea level was approximately 50m below present levels.〔Hanna Steyne, ''(Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria )'' Heritage Victoria, who sources (Lambeck & Chappell 2001) Accessed 3 November 2008〕 Port Phillip was flooded by post-glacial rising sea levels between 8000 and 6000 years ago.〔Hanna Steyne, ''(Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria )'' Heritage Victoria, who sources(Bird 1993, Bowler 1966, Holdgate et al. 2001). Accessed 3 November 2008〕 Oral history and creation stories from the Wada wurrung, Woiwurrung and Bun wurrung languages describe the flooding of the bay. Hobsons Bay was once a kangaroo hunting ground. Creation stories describe how Bunjil was responsible for the formation of the bay,〔 or the bay was flooded when the Yarra river was created (Yarra Creation Story.〔Ian Hunter, ''(Yarra Creation Story )'', Wurundjeri Dreaming. Recorded 2004-5. Accessed 3 November 2008〕) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Victoria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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